Dengue is a viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes especially aedes aegypti and is widely distributed throughout the tropics and subtropics. There are four dengue virus denv types denv1, denv2, denv3, and denv4, all of which are capable of inducing severe disease dengue hemorrhagic fever dhfdengue shock syndrome dss. In a small proportion of cases, the disease develops into severe dengue, also known as dengue. Currently, dengue fever causes more illness and death than any other arbovirus disease of humans 124. The reappearance of dengue 3 and subsequent dengue 4 and dengue 1 epidemic in puerto rico in j clin microbiol. The dengue pandemic has intensified in the past 20 years, with expanding geographical distribution of both. Dengue fever is a common mosquitoborne illness in many tropical and subtropical countries. Dhf starts abruptly with high continuous fever and headache plus respiratory and intestinal symptoms with sore throat, cough, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. High circulating levels of the dengue virus nonstructural protein ns1 early in dengue illness correlate with the development of dengue hemorrhagic fever. South pacific south central asia caribbean central and south america africa dengue fever happens most often in urban areas. The presence of fever, rash, and headache the dengue triad is characteristic of dengue fever. Symptoms of dengue can occur from 314 days, commonly 47 days, after the bite of an infected mosquito. Pathogenesis of dengue haemorrhagic fever and its impact.
If left untreated, dengue fever can develop into the fatal dengue. Summary dengue fever, a very old disease, has reemerged in the past 20 years with an. Dengue chapter 4 2020 yellow book travelers health. Gejala yang ditimbulkan dengan manifestasi perdarahan dan bertendensi menimbulkan shock yang dapat menimbulkan kematian. Dengue hemorrhagic fever an overview sciencedirect topics. Summary dengue fever, a very old disease, has reemerged in the past 20 years with an expanded geographic distribution of both the viruses and the mosquito vectors, increased epidemic activity, the development of hyperendemicity the cocirculation of multiple serotypes, and the emergence of dengue hemorrhagic fever in new geographic regions. In some cases, dengue turns into dengue hemorrhagic fever, which causes bleeding from your nose, gums, or under your skin. Half a million of these cases result in the most severe form of dengue fever df known as dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf 2. Department of health and human services centers for. Dengue classically presents with high fever, headache, body aches, exanthem, and generalized lymphadenopathy. Pathogenesis and pathophysiology of dengue hemorrhagic fever. Dengue is a febrile illness caused by a flavivirus transmitted by aedes aegypti or aedes albopictus mosquitoes while taking a blood meal. Clinical case definition for dengue fever classical dengue fever or break bone fever is an acute febrile viral disease frequently presenting with headaches, bone or joint pain, muscular pains, rash, and leucopenia clinical case definition for dengue hemorrhagic fever 4 necessary criteria. Dengue hemorrhagic fever, also called dengue shock syndrome, is mostly seen in children and is characterized by a 2448 hour period where capillaries leak out their fluid component after the fever declines.
Definisi demam berdarah atau dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf ialah penyakit demam akut terutama menyerang pada anakanak, dan saat ini cenderung polanya berubah ke orang dewasa. Dengue is a disease caused by any one of four closely related dengue viruses. A low platelet count of less than 100,000and evidence of hemorrhagic manifestations are required for the diagnosis. Symptoms include a high fever, headaches, joint and muscle pain, vomiting, and a rash. Dengue fever, also known as breakbone fever, is a mosquitoborne infectious tropical disease caused by the dengue virus.
Some patients with dengue fever go on to develop dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf, a severe and sometimes fatal form of the disease. Pathophysiology and management of dengue hemorrhagic fever. Dhf may be confused with preeclampsia, because of the symptoms of. The viruses are transmitted to humans by the bite of an infected mosquito.
Dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf is caused by the same viruses and is characterized by increased vascular permeability, hypovolaemia and abnormal blood clotting mechanisms. Dhf is a potentially deadly complication with symptoms similar to those of dengue fever, but after several days the patient becomes irritable, restless, and sweaty. Texas has the highest number of cases of dengue fever in the united states. Around the time the fever begins to subside usually 37 days after symptom onset, the patient may develop warning signs of severe disease. Symptoms typically begin three to fourteen days after infection. Clinical findings include nausea, vomiting, rash, aches and pains, a positive tourniquet test, leukopenia, and the following. It was the first time dengue hemorrhagic fever was documented as a secondary infection 16 to 20 years after initial infection. Disease burden of dengue fever and dengue haemorrhagic fever 3. Treat the symptoms of dengue and see your healthcare provider. Infection may be asymptomatic or present with a broad range of clinical manifestations including a mild febrile illness to a lifethreatening shock syndrome.
A syndrome due to the dengue virus that tends to affect children under 10, causing abdominal pain, hemorrhage bleeding and circulatory collapse. Persons who have traveled to a tropical or subtropical region. Dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf is a serious complication of infection with the mosquitoborne dengue fever virus, and is more likely to follow a primary dengue infection in pregnant than in nonpregnant women. Mortality rate of patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever. Dengue fever, a very old disease, has reemerged in the past 20 years with an expanded geographic distribution of both the viruses and the mosquito vectors, increased epidemic activity, the development of hyperendemicity the cocirculation of multiple serotypes, and the emergence of dengue hemorrhagic fever in new geographic regions. Dengue hemorrhagic fever is a severe, and potentially fatal, complication of dengue. Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever clinical microbiology. Dengue fever, and its more recent severe form known as dengue hemorrhagic fever, is the most important arthropodtransmitted viral disease of humans in the world today. Mortality rate of patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever 338 p j m h s vol. If you think you have dengue pdf icon pdf 1 page see a healthcare provider if you develop a fever or have symptoms of dengue. Each year, 50100 million cases of dengue fever and several hundred thousand cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever occur. Disease surveillance and outbreak prevention and control pdf, 58kb chapter 7. This disease used to be called breakbone fever because it sometimes causes severe joint and muscle pain that feels like bones are breaking. Comprehensive guidelines for prevention and control of dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever vii dengue fever is the fastest emerging arboviral infection spread by aedes mosquitoes with major public health consequences in over 100 tropical and subtropical countries in southeast asia, the western pacific and south and central america.
Dengue haemorrhagic fever dhf and shock syndrome dss. Dengue fever is a disease caused by a family of viruses transmitted by aedes mosquitoes symptoms of dengue fever include severe joint and muscle pain, swollen lymph nodes, headache, fever, exhaustion, and rash. Each year, an estimated 100 million cases of dengue fever and several hundred thousand cases of dhf occur, depending on epidemic activity 42, 45, 104. It can also become dengue shock syndrome, which causes massive bleeding and shock. Infection with one of these serotypes does not provide crossprotective immunity, so persons living in a dengue. Symptoms include fever, headache, muscle and joint pains, and a. Dengue knowledge for medical students and physicians. Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever in the americas. Dengue fever is common in tropical areas, so take extra precautions if you travel somewhere with this type of climate. Dengue fever is a mosquitoborne tropical disease caused by the dengue virus. Countries or territories in which dengue or dengue haemorrhagic fever is known to occur, by who region, 19751996 pdf, 26kb annex 2. Health experts have known about dengue fever for more than 200 years. While yellow fever virus has been confined to sylvan foci in africa and south america, dengue viruses have kept pace with the urban encroach ments of a.
Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf are caused by one of four closely related, but antigenically distinct, virus serotypes den1, den2, den3, and den4, of the genus flavivirus 1. These may include a high fever, headache, vomiting, muscle and joint pains, and a characteristic skin rash. Burke, evidence that maternal dengue antibodies are important in the development of dengue hemorrhagic fever in infants, american journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, vol. It is transmitted by mosquitoes mainly in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. The average age of male patients were below 50 and of females were above 50 years. One study estimated that 50 million infections occur every year. Dengue and dhf are viral diseases transmitted by mosquitoes.
The propagation of the virus appears to be dependent on human populations with a sufficient number of susceptible members to support infection ehrenkranz et al. The clinical manifestations range from asymptomatic infection to undiffer entiated fever, dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf. If left untreated, dengue fever can develop into the fatal dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf. Fever, or recent history of acute fever hemorrhagic. Who, comprehensive guidelines for prevention and control of dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever, 2011. Both versions can be caused by a number of viruses in the dengue family of viruses. Dengue fever is an infectious disease carried by mosquitoes and caused by any of four related dengue viruses. Infection with one virus does not protect a person against infection with another. In 1950s, during dengue epidemic in the philippines and thailand, a severe form, known as dengue hemorrhagic fever, was first recognized, and has become a leading cause of death among children in asian and latin american countries. Treatment usually involves treating symptoms such as managing fever, general aches and pains. Mortality rate of patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever article pdf available in pakistan journal of medical and health sciences 121 may 2018 with 1,367 reads how we measure reads. We observed 3417% of the patients where the outcome.
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